Ink-jet and 3D printing (rapid prototyping or additive manufacturing) have been used to create a multitude of useful objects. One area that has proved difficult is with the ink-jet printing of biomolecules. This is because proteins are heat sensitive and the process of printing renders them ineffective.
The solution appears to be purified silk protein (‘fibroin’), a type of ‘natural’ polymer. Fibroin is the insoluble protein found in the silk generated by by spiders. This material can be used to carry key biomaterials like enzymes, antibodies and growth factors. In addition, the material is tough and robust.
Some early studies with such materials have led to some useful and remarkable products. According to a research note, these include:
Gloves with special biological sensors and dyes. Here a pair of gloves, with the word “contaminated” on one side in blue ink could turn to red when the glove is exposed to a pathogen like Escherichia coli.
Proteins added to a bandage that could help with bone growth. It may also be possible to have a ‘smart’ bandage that slowly releases an antibiotic at set time intervals.
Material impregnated with gold nano particles to allow certain biosensors to detect different parts of the body.
The research was performed at Tufts University and the findings have been published in the journal Advanced Materials. The research study is headed “Inkjet Printing of Regenerated Silk Fibroin: From Printable Forms to Printable Functions.”
