The clashes between demonstrators and security forces which have overshadowed the Group of 20 (G20) summit in the German city of Hamburg are part of a long tradition of often violent protests at major international summits.
Here are some of the main incidents:
- 1999: anti-globalisation protests start -
In December, a ministerial conference of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in the US city of Seattle is disrupted by a spectacular anti-globalisation demonstration.
The authorities declare a state of emergency and a curfew in the city centre. Some 600 people are arrested following the riots, which cause millions of dollars in damage.
- 2000: clashes in Prague, Nice -
In September, anti-globalisation demonstrations result in violent street fighting during the annual assembly of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in the Czech capital.
Nearly 900 people are arrested, while several hundred are injured, including 123 police officers.
Three months later, on the sidelines of a European Union (EU) summit in the southern French city of Nice, thousands of anti-globalisation protesters clash with the security forces leaving 24 police injured. Around 40 demonstrators are arrested.
- 2001, Genoa: first fatality -
In July, a Group of Eight (G8) summit in the northern Italian city is marked by violent clashes. A young Italian protester is shot in the head by a policeman and more than 500 people are injured.
There is widespread material damage and more than 200 people are arrested.
In the preceding months, several other summits had been marred by violence: the World Economic Forum in Davos, the Americas Summit in Quebec, Canada, and an EU summit in the western Swedish city of Gothenburg, where more than 500 were arrested.
- 2007, Rostock: 1,000 injured -
On June 2, around 1,000 people are injured during a large demonstration in Rostock, northeastern Germany, as they protest against a nearby G8 summit.
Among the injured are 430 police officers who clashed with protesters.
- 2009: death in London -
On April 1, on the sidelines of an anti-G20 summit in London, demonstrators attack a bank. One passer-by is hit and thrown to the ground by a police officer and later dies of internal bleeding.
Three days later, on the sidelines of a NATO summit in the eastern French city of Strasbourg, masked protesters armed with iron bars infiltrate a peaceful demonstration, torching several buildings.
Around 100 police officers are injured and 330 people arrested.
In December, there are almost daily demonstrations outside a UN climate change summit in the Danish capital Copenhagen. At one point, some 300 black-clad demonstrators smash up cars and windows with stones and hammers.
A total of 1,800 people are arrested.
The clashes between demonstrators and security forces which have overshadowed the Group of 20 (G20) summit in the German city of Hamburg are part of a long tradition of often violent protests at major international summits.
Here are some of the main incidents:
– 1999: anti-globalisation protests start –
In December, a ministerial conference of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in the US city of Seattle is disrupted by a spectacular anti-globalisation demonstration.
The authorities declare a state of emergency and a curfew in the city centre. Some 600 people are arrested following the riots, which cause millions of dollars in damage.
– 2000: clashes in Prague, Nice –
In September, anti-globalisation demonstrations result in violent street fighting during the annual assembly of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in the Czech capital.
Nearly 900 people are arrested, while several hundred are injured, including 123 police officers.
Three months later, on the sidelines of a European Union (EU) summit in the southern French city of Nice, thousands of anti-globalisation protesters clash with the security forces leaving 24 police injured. Around 40 demonstrators are arrested.
– 2001, Genoa: first fatality –
In July, a Group of Eight (G8) summit in the northern Italian city is marked by violent clashes. A young Italian protester is shot in the head by a policeman and more than 500 people are injured.
There is widespread material damage and more than 200 people are arrested.
In the preceding months, several other summits had been marred by violence: the World Economic Forum in Davos, the Americas Summit in Quebec, Canada, and an EU summit in the western Swedish city of Gothenburg, where more than 500 were arrested.
– 2007, Rostock: 1,000 injured –
On June 2, around 1,000 people are injured during a large demonstration in Rostock, northeastern Germany, as they protest against a nearby G8 summit.
Among the injured are 430 police officers who clashed with protesters.
– 2009: death in London –
On April 1, on the sidelines of an anti-G20 summit in London, demonstrators attack a bank. One passer-by is hit and thrown to the ground by a police officer and later dies of internal bleeding.
Three days later, on the sidelines of a NATO summit in the eastern French city of Strasbourg, masked protesters armed with iron bars infiltrate a peaceful demonstration, torching several buildings.
Around 100 police officers are injured and 330 people arrested.
In December, there are almost daily demonstrations outside a UN climate change summit in the Danish capital Copenhagen. At one point, some 300 black-clad demonstrators smash up cars and windows with stones and hammers.
A total of 1,800 people are arrested.
