France’s cuts to greenhouse gas emissions slowed for a second straight year in 2025 and remain well off track to meeting its climate goals, according to provisional government-commissioned estimates published on Tuesday.
The slowdown comes as government appetite for climate action flags and major economies struggle to make good on their pledges to reduce planet-warming pollution.
France’s emissions were estimated to have declined 1.6 percent year-on-year, said Citepa, a non-profit organisation tasked by France’s ecology ministry with tallying the country’s greenhouse gas inventory.
The reduction of 5.8 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent was “far below the pace needed to reach 2030 targets”, which would require cuts nearly three times larger, Citepa said.
“The decrease in emissions is confirmed for 2025. This is an encouraging sign but it is not enough,” Monique Barbut, France’s ecological transition minister, said in a press release.
She said all sectors needed to double their efforts to make cuts in greenhouse gases.
The result echoes a slowdown in neighbouring Germany, where emissions fell just 1.5 percent in 2025, the Agora Energiewende expert group said in its annual report last week.
Emissions in the United States meanwhile rose 2.4 percent last year, the Rhodium Group think tank said on Tuesday, spurred by demand for heating and electricity for the AI boom in the world’s biggest economy.
France unveiled in December its updated pathway for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.
To stay on track, greenhouse gas emissions need to fall 4.6 percent on average every year until 2030.
After France slashed its output by 3.9 percent in 2022 and 6.8 percent in 2023, the rate slowed sharply to 1.8 percent in 2024.
Citepa had earlier predicted a decline of just 0.8 percent in 2025 but said fresh data and updated methods of calculation had allowed a “more accurate” estimate for the full year.
– Climate risk –
Big polluting nations most responsible for climate change are under pressure to make faster and deeper cuts to the emissions driving record-breaking global temperatures and more extreme weather events.
Scientists say the last three years have been the hottest globally on record.
France encouraged energy saving after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 but since then has faltered in decarbonising some of its most polluting industries.
While improvements were recorded in 2025 in heavy-emitting sectors such as industry, agriculture and transport, they remained virtually flat in energy and waste treatment, Citepa said.
The latest assessment highlighted the urgency for France to phase out its use of fossil fuels, said Anne Bringault, a director at Climate Action Network France.
“It is high time to take seriously the climate risk but also the geopolitical risk of making us suffer from our dependence on fossil fuels, which are overwhelmingly imported,” she told AFP.
The European Union has pledged to cut its net greenhouse gas emissions by 90 percent by 2040 compared to 1990 levels.
It achieved a 37-percent reduction by 2023.
