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The Maxwells: scandal and conspiracy

-

Ghislaine Maxwell comes from a family dominated by her father, Robert, whose mysterious drowning at sea left behind conspiracy theories, financial scandal and a fallen empire.

Her arrest on Thursday in the United States for allegedly procuring young girls for the disgraced financier Jeffrey Epstein has put the family back in the news.

- The father -

Robert Maxwell's life read like a novel, having variously been suspected of working for the British, Israeli and Soviet secret services.

The Czechoslovakian-born businessman was born to Jewish parents who would be killed by the Nazis, and came to Britain penniless at the age of 16.

Paterfamilias Robert maxwell  a Czech-born newspaper magnate  mysterious drowned off the Canaey Isla...
Paterfamilias Robert maxwell, a Czech-born newspaper magnate, mysterious drowned off the Canaey Islands in 1991
MARIA BASTONE, AFP

He changed his name from Jan Ludvík Hyman Binyamin Hoch and fought for the British Army during World War II, going on to set up a publishing business after the end of hostilities.

From there, he built up one of the biggest media and publishing groups in the world.

At its peak in the 1980s, he employed 16,000 people in a raft of companies including Britain's Mirror Group Newspapers, US publishers Macmillan, and the Berlitz language schools.

He was chairman of the Oxford United football club and a member of parliament from 1964 to 1974, representing the left-wing Labour party.

In business, he was an authoritarian -- and often controversial -- figure, who met world leaders of the time including Ronald Reagan, George H. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev.

In 1995, his youngest son, Kevin, said his father was capable of great generosity and charm but also demanded "absolute loyalty", and reacted badly to criticism.

He was capable of "verbal brutality" and sometimes a bully, who worked up to 17 hours a day, seven days a week, and was "motivated by power".

"He did not consider himself above the law... but would stretch it as far as it would go," Kevin Maxwell said at his trial for defrauding the Mirror Group's pension scheme.

Robert Maxwell's private yacht  the Lady Ghislaine. He fell from the boat  named after his daug...
Robert Maxwell's private yacht, the Lady Ghislaine. He fell from the boat, named after his daughter, and his death sparked a slew of conspiracy theories
Jacques SOFFER, AFP

Maxwell, dubbed "Cap'n Bob" and the "Bouncing Czech" in the British satirical magazine Private Eye, died when he fell from his yacht, the Lady Ghislaine, off the Canary Islands in November 1991.

His death sparked conspiracy theories but his daughter was adamant: "One thing I am sure about is that he did not commit suicide. I think he was murdered," she told Hello! in 1997.

After his death, over £400 million ($500 million) was found to be missing from his employees' pension fund and was found to have been used to bail-out loss-making companies in his empire.

The revelations shocked the family, as his reputation changed from business guru to crooked tycoon.

- The mother --

Elisabeth Maxwell, a Protestant French national from Lyon, met her husband just after World War II and spent 46 years of her life with him.

Ghislaine Maxwell with her mother Elisabeth at Robert Maxwell's funeral (R) attend the funeral ...
Ghislaine Maxwell with her mother Elisabeth at Robert Maxwell's funeral (R) attend the funeral serice before he was buried on the Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem's Old City
Sven NACKSTRAND, AFP

The couple had nine children together and even after his death she defended his memory and reputation, despite the scandal leaving her distraught and in financial dire straits.

She defended him in an interview with The Times newspaper in 1991, suggesting he made enemies because his generosity matched his enormous bulk.

"He had great moral principles. He wanted to make the world a better place," she said, but had no inkling of the massive fraud he perpetrated at the time.

Elisabeth -- known as Betty -- was a historical researcher of some repute, and looked into Maxwell's own background growing up in Czechoslovakia, and the fate of his family.

She gave lectures on the Holocaust and promoted good relations between Christians and Jews.

Maxwell, who was buried on the Mount of Olives, referred to his wife as "the keeper of my Jewish soul".

She died in France in 2013 at the age of 92.

- The brothers -

Two of Maxwell's sons worked closely with him, Ian and Kevin, the number two in his father's empire, and were the central focus of investigations into his misdealings following his death.

Kevin (l) and Ian Maxwell leaving the Old Bailey court in ondon at the end of their marathon 1998 fr...
Kevin (l) and Ian Maxwell leaving the Old Bailey court in ondon at the end of their marathon 1998 fraud trial. They were both acquitted
GERRY PENNY, AFP

The brothers faced lengthy criminal proceedings but were acquitted of the fraudulent misuse of pension fund assets in January 1996 after a mammoth 130-day trial.

Kevin Maxwell, declared bankrupt by a London court for a record £406 million, sold his house in upmarket Chelsea, west London, and moved to a cottage near Oxford, southern England.

His wife, Pandora, told the fraud trial her husband's relationship with his father had been strained in the months before his death, and he wanted to leave the family business.

Ghislaine Maxwell comes from a family dominated by her father, Robert, whose mysterious drowning at sea left behind conspiracy theories, financial scandal and a fallen empire.

Her arrest on Thursday in the United States for allegedly procuring young girls for the disgraced financier Jeffrey Epstein has put the family back in the news.

– The father –

Robert Maxwell’s life read like a novel, having variously been suspected of working for the British, Israeli and Soviet secret services.

The Czechoslovakian-born businessman was born to Jewish parents who would be killed by the Nazis, and came to Britain penniless at the age of 16.

Paterfamilias Robert maxwell  a Czech-born newspaper magnate  mysterious drowned off the Canaey Isla...

Paterfamilias Robert maxwell, a Czech-born newspaper magnate, mysterious drowned off the Canaey Islands in 1991
MARIA BASTONE, AFP

He changed his name from Jan Ludvík Hyman Binyamin Hoch and fought for the British Army during World War II, going on to set up a publishing business after the end of hostilities.

From there, he built up one of the biggest media and publishing groups in the world.

At its peak in the 1980s, he employed 16,000 people in a raft of companies including Britain’s Mirror Group Newspapers, US publishers Macmillan, and the Berlitz language schools.

He was chairman of the Oxford United football club and a member of parliament from 1964 to 1974, representing the left-wing Labour party.

In business, he was an authoritarian — and often controversial — figure, who met world leaders of the time including Ronald Reagan, George H. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev.

In 1995, his youngest son, Kevin, said his father was capable of great generosity and charm but also demanded “absolute loyalty”, and reacted badly to criticism.

He was capable of “verbal brutality” and sometimes a bully, who worked up to 17 hours a day, seven days a week, and was “motivated by power”.

“He did not consider himself above the law… but would stretch it as far as it would go,” Kevin Maxwell said at his trial for defrauding the Mirror Group’s pension scheme.

Robert Maxwell's private yacht  the Lady Ghislaine. He fell from the boat  named after his daug...

Robert Maxwell's private yacht, the Lady Ghislaine. He fell from the boat, named after his daughter, and his death sparked a slew of conspiracy theories
Jacques SOFFER, AFP

Maxwell, dubbed “Cap’n Bob” and the “Bouncing Czech” in the British satirical magazine Private Eye, died when he fell from his yacht, the Lady Ghislaine, off the Canary Islands in November 1991.

His death sparked conspiracy theories but his daughter was adamant: “One thing I am sure about is that he did not commit suicide. I think he was murdered,” she told Hello! in 1997.

After his death, over £400 million ($500 million) was found to be missing from his employees’ pension fund and was found to have been used to bail-out loss-making companies in his empire.

The revelations shocked the family, as his reputation changed from business guru to crooked tycoon.

– The mother —

Elisabeth Maxwell, a Protestant French national from Lyon, met her husband just after World War II and spent 46 years of her life with him.

Ghislaine Maxwell with her mother Elisabeth at Robert Maxwell's funeral (R) attend the funeral ...

Ghislaine Maxwell with her mother Elisabeth at Robert Maxwell's funeral (R) attend the funeral serice before he was buried on the Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem's Old City
Sven NACKSTRAND, AFP

The couple had nine children together and even after his death she defended his memory and reputation, despite the scandal leaving her distraught and in financial dire straits.

She defended him in an interview with The Times newspaper in 1991, suggesting he made enemies because his generosity matched his enormous bulk.

“He had great moral principles. He wanted to make the world a better place,” she said, but had no inkling of the massive fraud he perpetrated at the time.

Elisabeth — known as Betty — was a historical researcher of some repute, and looked into Maxwell’s own background growing up in Czechoslovakia, and the fate of his family.

She gave lectures on the Holocaust and promoted good relations between Christians and Jews.

Maxwell, who was buried on the Mount of Olives, referred to his wife as “the keeper of my Jewish soul”.

She died in France in 2013 at the age of 92.

– The brothers –

Two of Maxwell’s sons worked closely with him, Ian and Kevin, the number two in his father’s empire, and were the central focus of investigations into his misdealings following his death.

Kevin (l) and Ian Maxwell leaving the Old Bailey court in ondon at the end of their marathon 1998 fr...

Kevin (l) and Ian Maxwell leaving the Old Bailey court in ondon at the end of their marathon 1998 fraud trial. They were both acquitted
GERRY PENNY, AFP

The brothers faced lengthy criminal proceedings but were acquitted of the fraudulent misuse of pension fund assets in January 1996 after a mammoth 130-day trial.

Kevin Maxwell, declared bankrupt by a London court for a record £406 million, sold his house in upmarket Chelsea, west London, and moved to a cottage near Oxford, southern England.

His wife, Pandora, told the fraud trial her husband’s relationship with his father had been strained in the months before his death, and he wanted to leave the family business.

AFP
Written By

With 2,400 staff representing 100 different nationalities, AFP covers the world as a leading global news agency. AFP provides fast, comprehensive and verified coverage of the issues affecting our daily lives.

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