A deadly mall bombing and the kidnapping of foreign journalists have laid bare the dangers facing Colombia even as its biggest rebel group Tuesday launched the final phase of its disarmament.
The demobilization of the leftist FARC under a peace accord with the government and peace talks with the last active rebel force, the ELN, are meant to end more than half a century of violence.
But just as the FARC entered the final stretch in its long march to peace, reminders of the old conflict erupted, raising concerns for the contested peace drive.
Three women were killed and nine people injured in Saturday night's bombing at a crowded shopping center in Bogota.
Those responsible have not been identified. Authorities and rebel leaders condemned it as a bid to disrupt the peace process.
Analyst Beatriz Rettberg of the University of the Andes cited the bombing and ongoing violence involving drug gangs as lingering "difficulties" for the peace drive.
"There is clear and strong opposition to the peace process and the accord," she said.
- Opposition to peace deal -
The accord, first signed in November, was initially narrowly rejected by Colombians in a referendum before being redrafted and pushed through congress.
Critics such as conservative political leader Alvaro Uribe said it was too lenient on FARC members, some of whom will get amnesties or reduced sentences for crimes committed during the conflict.
"A badly-done accord just generates more violence," said Ernesto Macias, a senator from Uribe's Democratic Center party.
FARC chief Rodrigo Londono said on Twitter that a FARC militia fighter who had recently received an amnesty was "murdered" on Monday when visiting his family.
Meanwhile, there are still armed groups with a stake in the crisis. Officials say remnants of right-wing paramilitaries are battling the leftist National Liberation Army (ELN) in the jungle for control of the drugs trade.
- UN 'optimistic' -
President Juan Manuel Santos, who won a Nobel Peace Prize last year for his efforts, vowed Saturday's attack would not disrupt the peace process.
"We will not let what has been achieved up to now be slowed down by a few extremists, cowards or people who do not want the Colombian people to be reconciled," he said.
The FARC was scheduled on Tuesday to formally begin the final phase of its disarmament under UN supervision.
"The laying-down of arms is an act of will, courage and hope," Londono said on Twitter.
The FARC are due within a week to hand over the last remaining weapons in their hands.
After that, the United Nations will retrieve the last of the FARC's weapons, which are hidden in hundreds of remote caches -- a process scheduled to be completed by September 1.
"The parties have faced challenges in the implementation of the historic peace agreement signed last year," said Jeffrey Feltman, United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, who met with Santos on Monday.
"But you have overcome those challenges and the implementation is ongoing," he said in a public address alongside Santos. "There is very good reason to be optimistic about this process."
- Journalists kidnapped -
Colombia's civil conflict erupted in 1964 over land rights. It drew in leftist guerrillas, right-wing paramilitary groups and state forces.
It has left 260,000 people confirmed dead, more than 60,000 missing and seven million displaced.
The ELN has started talks with the government this year, though it has been blamed for ongoing confrontations with state forces.
On Monday, authorities said ELN members had kidnapped two Dutch journalists in the north.
With so many sides to the conflict, "we have had no single, simultaneous peace accord covering all the guerrillas and all the paramilitaries," said analyst Alvaro Villarraga, director of Colombia's Historical Memory Center.
"We have peace in installments."
A deadly mall bombing and the kidnapping of foreign journalists have laid bare the dangers facing Colombia even as its biggest rebel group Tuesday launched the final phase of its disarmament.
The demobilization of the leftist FARC under a peace accord with the government and peace talks with the last active rebel force, the ELN, are meant to end more than half a century of violence.
But just as the FARC entered the final stretch in its long march to peace, reminders of the old conflict erupted, raising concerns for the contested peace drive.
Three women were killed and nine people injured in Saturday night’s bombing at a crowded shopping center in Bogota.
Those responsible have not been identified. Authorities and rebel leaders condemned it as a bid to disrupt the peace process.
Analyst Beatriz Rettberg of the University of the Andes cited the bombing and ongoing violence involving drug gangs as lingering “difficulties” for the peace drive.
“There is clear and strong opposition to the peace process and the accord,” she said.
– Opposition to peace deal –
The accord, first signed in November, was initially narrowly rejected by Colombians in a referendum before being redrafted and pushed through congress.
Critics such as conservative political leader Alvaro Uribe said it was too lenient on FARC members, some of whom will get amnesties or reduced sentences for crimes committed during the conflict.
“A badly-done accord just generates more violence,” said Ernesto Macias, a senator from Uribe’s Democratic Center party.
FARC chief Rodrigo Londono said on Twitter that a FARC militia fighter who had recently received an amnesty was “murdered” on Monday when visiting his family.
Meanwhile, there are still armed groups with a stake in the crisis. Officials say remnants of right-wing paramilitaries are battling the leftist National Liberation Army (ELN) in the jungle for control of the drugs trade.
– UN ‘optimistic’ –
President Juan Manuel Santos, who won a Nobel Peace Prize last year for his efforts, vowed Saturday’s attack would not disrupt the peace process.
“We will not let what has been achieved up to now be slowed down by a few extremists, cowards or people who do not want the Colombian people to be reconciled,” he said.
The FARC was scheduled on Tuesday to formally begin the final phase of its disarmament under UN supervision.
“The laying-down of arms is an act of will, courage and hope,” Londono said on Twitter.
The FARC are due within a week to hand over the last remaining weapons in their hands.
After that, the United Nations will retrieve the last of the FARC’s weapons, which are hidden in hundreds of remote caches — a process scheduled to be completed by September 1.
“The parties have faced challenges in the implementation of the historic peace agreement signed last year,” said Jeffrey Feltman, United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, who met with Santos on Monday.
“But you have overcome those challenges and the implementation is ongoing,” he said in a public address alongside Santos. “There is very good reason to be optimistic about this process.”
– Journalists kidnapped –
Colombia’s civil conflict erupted in 1964 over land rights. It drew in leftist guerrillas, right-wing paramilitary groups and state forces.
It has left 260,000 people confirmed dead, more than 60,000 missing and seven million displaced.
The ELN has started talks with the government this year, though it has been blamed for ongoing confrontations with state forces.
On Monday, authorities said ELN members had kidnapped two Dutch journalists in the north.
With so many sides to the conflict, “we have had no single, simultaneous peace accord covering all the guerrillas and all the paramilitaries,” said analyst Alvaro Villarraga, director of Colombia’s Historical Memory Center.
“We have peace in installments.”
