Here is a panorama of world events in 2015:
- January -
- 7-9: FRANCE - Seventeen people are slaughtered in attacks in Paris on the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo and a Jewish supermarket two days later.
- 26: SYRIA - The Islamic State jihadist group is driven out of the Syrian town of Kobane on the Turkish border after more than four months of fighting by Kurdish forces backed by US-coalition airstrikes.
- February -
- 12: UKRAINE - The Ukraine government and rebels agree to a "Minsk II" peace roadmap, backed by France, Germany and Russia, but the truce remains fragile. A second truce is signed on September 1. Clashes intensify in early December.
- 14: DENMARK - Two people are killed in one of the worst terrorist attacks the country has seen after a gunman attacks a cafe and a synagogue.
- March -
- 17: ISRAEL/PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES - Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's Likud wins legislative elections. Settlement-building continues and a stalemate in the peace process prompts renewed violence with stone throwing, stabbings, car-ramming attacks and clashes with security forces.
- 18: TUNISIA - An attack on the Bardo Museum in Tunis kills 21 foreign tourists and a Tunisian policeman. On June 26 an attack at a holiday resort kills 38 foreign tourists, most of them British, while on November 24 the bombing of a presidential guard bus kills at least 12 people. All the attacks are claimed by IS.
- 24: FRANCE - An Airbus owned by German budget airliner Germanwings crashes in the French Alps with all 150 people on board declared dead. Investigators say co-pilot Andreas Lubitz deliberately crashed the plane.
- 26: YEMEN - Jets from a Saudi-led coalition begin a campaign bombing Huthi Shiite rebels in Yemen in support of President Abedrabbo Mansour Hadi. The conflict has since left some 6,000 dead.
- April -
- 2: KENYA/SOMALIA - At least 148 people, mostly students, are massacred when Somalia's Shebab Islamist group attacks Kenya's Garissa university.
- 25: NEPAL - A 7.8-magnitude quake kills around 8,900 people and destroys about half a million homes. A massive aftershock with a magnitude of 7.3 follows in May, killing dozens more.
- 26: BURUNDI - Deadly protests break out against President Pierre Nkurunziza's ultimately successful bid for a third term. Hundreds of people are killed in the following months.
- May -
- 7: BRITAIN - Prime Minister David Cameron's Conservatives win a general election victory that opens the door to a national referendum on EU membership.
- 22: IRELAND - In a historic national referendum, Ireland legalises same-sex marriage.
- 29: NIGERIA - Muhammadu Buhari, elected president in March, vows to wage an intense offensive against Boko Haram Islamists, linked to the Islamic State group. The insurgents murder more than 1,500 people since then, however, also carrying out attacks in the neighbouring countries of Cameroon, Chad and Niger.
- June -
- 1: CHINA - A Chinese cruise ship capsizes on the Yangtze river in central China, killing 442 of the 454 people on board.
- 17: UNITED STATES - A white gunman kills nine black people at a historic black church in Charleston, South Carolina. The killings follow a series of incidents of police violence against blacks, reviving racial tensions in the United States.
- 26: UNITED STATES - The US Supreme Court rules that gay marriage is a right in all US states.
- 26: TUNISIA - An Islamist gunman kills 38 people after opening fire at a beach resort in Tunisia. He is then killed during a shootout with security forces.
- July -
- 1: UNITED STATES/CUBA - The US and Cuba agree a historic deal to re-establish full diplomatic relations, severed 54 years earlier during the Cold War.
- 13: GREECE - After protracted negotiations, Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras accepts a three-year 86-billion-euro ($93 billion) EU bailout that saves it from crashing out of the eurozone. On September 20 his ruling radical left party Syriza wins new legislative elections.
- 14: IRAN - Iran and major powers reach an historic deal aimed at ensuring Iran does not obtain the nuclear bomb after 18 straight days of talks.
- August -
- 12: CHINA - Massive explosions at a chemical storage facility in Tianjin, one of China's biggest cities, kill at least 165 people.
- September -
- 2: EUROPE - The picture of a three-year-old Syrian boy's body, washed ashore on a Turkish beach, focuses attention on Europe's worst migration crisis since the end of World War II. On December 30, the UN refugee agency says that more than one million migrants and refugees crossed the Mediterranean Sea to Europe in 2015.
- 18: UNITED STATES/GERMANY - Auto giant Volkswagen is hit by its biggest scandal ever over revelations that it cheated on US pollution tests.
- 19-21: CUBA - Pope Francis makes a historic visit before going on to the United States. The pontiff also travelled to Kenya, Uganda and the Central African Republic from November 25-30.
- 24: SAUDI ARABIA - A stampede at the hajj pilgrimage leaves at least 2,236 dead at Mina, near Mecca.
- 30: SYRIA - Russia launches air strikes on Syria, saying its intervention is against the IS, while Turkey and its allies say it is targeting moderate opponents of President Bashar al-Assad's regime.
- October -
- 3: AFGHANISTAN - A US raid on a hospital in the northern city of Kunduz kills 42 during a Taliban offensive on the city. Washington says it is keeping thousands of soldiers in the country beyond 2016 as Afghan forces can not stand up to the Taliban on their own.
- 10: TURKEY - Two suicide bombings at a peace rally in Ankara kill over 100 people, with prosecutors saying the attacks were ordered by IS to disrupt the vote.
- 20: CANADA - Liberal leader Justin Trudeau, son of a popular former prime minister, wins a general election.
- 31: EGYPT/RUSSIA - A Russian passenger jet is downed on its way from Egypt's Sharm el-Sheikh resort to Saint Petersburg, killing all 224 on board. IS claims responsibility for what Russia says was a bombing; Egypt says it has no evidence there was a "terror" attack.
- November -
- 1: TURKEY - The Justice and Development Party (AKP) of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan scores a stunning electoral comeback against a backdrop of renewed Kurdish violence and jihadist attacks.
- 7: CHINA/TAIWAN - The presidents of China and Taiwan exchange a historic handshake and warm words in the first summit since the two sides split in 1949.
- 8: MYANMAR - Democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi's party wins elections by a landslide after decades of military domination.
- 13: FRANCE - An unprecedented string of jihadist shootings and suicide bombings at France's national sports stadium, a concert hall and bars and restaurants in Paris leave 130 dead and hundreds injured. IS claims responsibility.
- 20: MALI - A siege at a luxury hotel in the capital Bamako leaves at least 20 people dead. The attack is claimed by an Al-Qaeda affiliate.
- 24: TURKEY/RUSSIA - NATO member Turkey shoots down a Russian fighter jet on the Syrian border, saying it had violated Turkish airspace, sparking a bitter diplomatic row between the two countries.
- December -
- 2: UNITED STATES - A radicalised couple massacres 14 people in San Bernardino, California, before they are killed in a shootout with the police.
- 3: SOUTH AFRICA - South African amputee sprinter Oscar Pistorius, who shot dead his girlfriend in 2013, is convicted of murder after an appeal by prosecutors. He is freed on bail before sentencing, and plans to appeal.
- 6: VENEZUELA - A centre-right coalition wins the first opposition parliamentary majority in 16 years amid an economic crisis in the oil-rich nation.
- 12: ENVIRONMENT - 195 nations approve a historic accord to stop global warming.
- 12: SAUDI ARABIA - At least 20 women win seats for the first time in municipal polls, though many restrictions on women remain in the ultra-conservative kingdom.
- 16: US - The US Federal Reserve raises its main interest rate for the first time in more than nine years.
- 18: SYRIA - The UN Security Council unanimously adopts a resolution endorsing a peace process to put an end to the nearly five-year war in Syria, without touching on one of the most contentious issues in the peace effort: the fate of Bashar al-Assad.
- 21: FOOTBALL - World body FIFA bans president Sepp Blatter and vice president Michel Platini for eight years for suspected corruption, after seven officials were arrested in a dawn raid in Zurich on May 27.
- 27: CHINA - Beijing ends its hugely controversial one-child policy.
Here is a panorama of world events in 2015:
– January –
– 7-9: FRANCE – Seventeen people are slaughtered in attacks in Paris on the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo and a Jewish supermarket two days later.
– 26: SYRIA – The Islamic State jihadist group is driven out of the Syrian town of Kobane on the Turkish border after more than four months of fighting by Kurdish forces backed by US-coalition airstrikes.
– February –
– 12: UKRAINE – The Ukraine government and rebels agree to a “Minsk II” peace roadmap, backed by France, Germany and Russia, but the truce remains fragile. A second truce is signed on September 1. Clashes intensify in early December.
– 14: DENMARK – Two people are killed in one of the worst terrorist attacks the country has seen after a gunman attacks a cafe and a synagogue.
– March –
– 17: ISRAEL/PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES – Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s Likud wins legislative elections. Settlement-building continues and a stalemate in the peace process prompts renewed violence with stone throwing, stabbings, car-ramming attacks and clashes with security forces.
– 18: TUNISIA – An attack on the Bardo Museum in Tunis kills 21 foreign tourists and a Tunisian policeman. On June 26 an attack at a holiday resort kills 38 foreign tourists, most of them British, while on November 24 the bombing of a presidential guard bus kills at least 12 people. All the attacks are claimed by IS.
– 24: FRANCE – An Airbus owned by German budget airliner Germanwings crashes in the French Alps with all 150 people on board declared dead. Investigators say co-pilot Andreas Lubitz deliberately crashed the plane.
– 26: YEMEN – Jets from a Saudi-led coalition begin a campaign bombing Huthi Shiite rebels in Yemen in support of President Abedrabbo Mansour Hadi. The conflict has since left some 6,000 dead.
– April –
– 2: KENYA/SOMALIA – At least 148 people, mostly students, are massacred when Somalia’s Shebab Islamist group attacks Kenya’s Garissa university.
– 25: NEPAL – A 7.8-magnitude quake kills around 8,900 people and destroys about half a million homes. A massive aftershock with a magnitude of 7.3 follows in May, killing dozens more.
– 26: BURUNDI – Deadly protests break out against President Pierre Nkurunziza’s ultimately successful bid for a third term. Hundreds of people are killed in the following months.
– May –
– 7: BRITAIN – Prime Minister David Cameron’s Conservatives win a general election victory that opens the door to a national referendum on EU membership.
– 22: IRELAND – In a historic national referendum, Ireland legalises same-sex marriage.
– 29: NIGERIA – Muhammadu Buhari, elected president in March, vows to wage an intense offensive against Boko Haram Islamists, linked to the Islamic State group. The insurgents murder more than 1,500 people since then, however, also carrying out attacks in the neighbouring countries of Cameroon, Chad and Niger.
– June –
– 1: CHINA – A Chinese cruise ship capsizes on the Yangtze river in central China, killing 442 of the 454 people on board.
– 17: UNITED STATES – A white gunman kills nine black people at a historic black church in Charleston, South Carolina. The killings follow a series of incidents of police violence against blacks, reviving racial tensions in the United States.
– 26: UNITED STATES – The US Supreme Court rules that gay marriage is a right in all US states.
– 26: TUNISIA – An Islamist gunman kills 38 people after opening fire at a beach resort in Tunisia. He is then killed during a shootout with security forces.
– July –
– 1: UNITED STATES/CUBA – The US and Cuba agree a historic deal to re-establish full diplomatic relations, severed 54 years earlier during the Cold War.
– 13: GREECE – After protracted negotiations, Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras accepts a three-year 86-billion-euro ($93 billion) EU bailout that saves it from crashing out of the eurozone. On September 20 his ruling radical left party Syriza wins new legislative elections.
– 14: IRAN – Iran and major powers reach an historic deal aimed at ensuring Iran does not obtain the nuclear bomb after 18 straight days of talks.
– August –
– 12: CHINA – Massive explosions at a chemical storage facility in Tianjin, one of China’s biggest cities, kill at least 165 people.
– September –
– 2: EUROPE – The picture of a three-year-old Syrian boy’s body, washed ashore on a Turkish beach, focuses attention on Europe’s worst migration crisis since the end of World War II. On December 30, the UN refugee agency says that more than one million migrants and refugees crossed the Mediterranean Sea to Europe in 2015.
– 18: UNITED STATES/GERMANY – Auto giant Volkswagen is hit by its biggest scandal ever over revelations that it cheated on US pollution tests.
– 19-21: CUBA – Pope Francis makes a historic visit before going on to the United States. The pontiff also travelled to Kenya, Uganda and the Central African Republic from November 25-30.
– 24: SAUDI ARABIA – A stampede at the hajj pilgrimage leaves at least 2,236 dead at Mina, near Mecca.
– 30: SYRIA – Russia launches air strikes on Syria, saying its intervention is against the IS, while Turkey and its allies say it is targeting moderate opponents of President Bashar al-Assad’s regime.
– October –
– 3: AFGHANISTAN – A US raid on a hospital in the northern city of Kunduz kills 42 during a Taliban offensive on the city. Washington says it is keeping thousands of soldiers in the country beyond 2016 as Afghan forces can not stand up to the Taliban on their own.
– 10: TURKEY – Two suicide bombings at a peace rally in Ankara kill over 100 people, with prosecutors saying the attacks were ordered by IS to disrupt the vote.
– 20: CANADA – Liberal leader Justin Trudeau, son of a popular former prime minister, wins a general election.
– 31: EGYPT/RUSSIA – A Russian passenger jet is downed on its way from Egypt’s Sharm el-Sheikh resort to Saint Petersburg, killing all 224 on board. IS claims responsibility for what Russia says was a bombing; Egypt says it has no evidence there was a “terror” attack.
– November –
– 1: TURKEY – The Justice and Development Party (AKP) of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan scores a stunning electoral comeback against a backdrop of renewed Kurdish violence and jihadist attacks.
– 7: CHINA/TAIWAN – The presidents of China and Taiwan exchange a historic handshake and warm words in the first summit since the two sides split in 1949.
– 8: MYANMAR – Democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi’s party wins elections by a landslide after decades of military domination.
– 13: FRANCE – An unprecedented string of jihadist shootings and suicide bombings at France’s national sports stadium, a concert hall and bars and restaurants in Paris leave 130 dead and hundreds injured. IS claims responsibility.
– 20: MALI – A siege at a luxury hotel in the capital Bamako leaves at least 20 people dead. The attack is claimed by an Al-Qaeda affiliate.
– 24: TURKEY/RUSSIA – NATO member Turkey shoots down a Russian fighter jet on the Syrian border, saying it had violated Turkish airspace, sparking a bitter diplomatic row between the two countries.
– December –
– 2: UNITED STATES – A radicalised couple massacres 14 people in San Bernardino, California, before they are killed in a shootout with the police.
– 3: SOUTH AFRICA – South African amputee sprinter Oscar Pistorius, who shot dead his girlfriend in 2013, is convicted of murder after an appeal by prosecutors. He is freed on bail before sentencing, and plans to appeal.
– 6: VENEZUELA – A centre-right coalition wins the first opposition parliamentary majority in 16 years amid an economic crisis in the oil-rich nation.
– 12: ENVIRONMENT – 195 nations approve a historic accord to stop global warming.
– 12: SAUDI ARABIA – At least 20 women win seats for the first time in municipal polls, though many restrictions on women remain in the ultra-conservative kingdom.
– 16: US – The US Federal Reserve raises its main interest rate for the first time in more than nine years.
– 18: SYRIA – The UN Security Council unanimously adopts a resolution endorsing a peace process to put an end to the nearly five-year war in Syria, without touching on one of the most contentious issues in the peace effort: the fate of Bashar al-Assad.
– 21: FOOTBALL – World body FIFA bans president Sepp Blatter and vice president Michel Platini for eight years for suspected corruption, after seven officials were arrested in a dawn raid in Zurich on May 27.
– 27: CHINA – Beijing ends its hugely controversial one-child policy.
