Engineers started the delicate task of taking apart Genoa's Morandi motorway bridge on Friday almost six months after its partial collapse during a storm killed 43 people and injured dozens.
Thousands of tonnes of steel, concrete and asphalt have already been removed from the spectacularly truncated high-rise bridge in the northern Italian port city to make it lighter before the "deconstruction" operation began.
"It's an important day, the first step on a path that we hope will be as short as possible," Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte told journalists at the site.
"The new bridge will be up by the end of the year."
Four powerful strand-jacks positioned on the bridge by an enormous crane began unhooking and slowly lowering a 36-by-18 metre (118-by-59 foot) concrete slab weighing nearly 1,000 tonnes.
The jacks are the same as those used to right the Costa Concordia cruise liner off Tuscany in 2013 after it ran aground and capsized, leaving 32 dead.
The operation to slowly lower the vast slab to the ground, some 48 metres below, was to start after a diamond chain saw cut through the entire bridge in two places, possibly only on Saturday.
"We are moving around 1,000 tonnes of a structure that is being demolished, with many unknowns," said technical director Vittorio Omini.
Once on the ground, the giant slab will be used as a counterweight for removing other pieces before the bridge's towers are demolished with dynamite.
- Homage to the victims -
The operation will help the city move on from the August disaster which, beyond the human cost, also ripped out one of the city's main transport arteries.
Italy's most famous living architect Renzo Piano, a Genoa native who helped design the Pompidou Centre in Paris, has provided the design for the replacement bridge that "will last for 1,000 years".
While the new structure has been designed to look different from the old one, opened in 1967, it will contain a homage to the victims of the accident.
It will feature 43 lamp poles in memory of those killed when part of it collapsed on August 14, sending dozens of vehicles and tonnes of concrete tumbling to the ground.
The new bridge commission, headed by Genoa Mayor Marco Bucci, noted the new design "rests on pillars, respecting the feeling of psychological aversion in the city (to) other types of bridge with suspended or cable-stayed parts".
It will "have elements of a boat because that is something from Genoa," Piano has said, describing a streamlined and luminous white structure.
The new bridge is estimated to cost 202 million euros ($229 million), making it one of the most expensive in Europe.
It is expected to be open to traffic by April 2020, junior transport minister Edoardo Rixi said on Thursday, with the demolition of the old structure due to take 190 days.
- Invisible decay -
The old cable-stayed bridge was made from reinforced concrete, with the steel cables linking the bridge's towers also covered in concrete.
One theory investigators are looking into is that the steel within the concrete had decayed, although this would not have been visible.
There have also been allegations of poor maintenance, poor design and questionable building practices.
The eastern side of the bridge, where the structure gave way, still needs to be examined by experts and prosecutors.
Autostrade per l'Italia (Aspi) operated the failed bridge and several of its managers could face trial over the collapse.
Ahead of the anticipated court proceedings, Aspi is still negotiating compensation payments with bereaved relatives, reportedly for a total of 50 million euros.
For the first time in an Italian public works contract, the construction companies face stiff penalties of up to 202,000 euros a day for any delays.
Civil engineering expert Pierre Corfdir said planning the demolition of a bridge this size (over 1,180 metres) would normally take around three years.
"This is one of the most complex bridge demolitions" because of the built-up environment, said Corfdir, who works at France's Cerema institute.
"There's also time pressure: they have to rebuild a bridge that is of vital importance to the city's economy."
Engineers started the delicate task of taking apart Genoa’s Morandi motorway bridge on Friday almost six months after its partial collapse during a storm killed 43 people and injured dozens.
Thousands of tonnes of steel, concrete and asphalt have already been removed from the spectacularly truncated high-rise bridge in the northern Italian port city to make it lighter before the “deconstruction” operation began.
“It’s an important day, the first step on a path that we hope will be as short as possible,” Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte told journalists at the site.
“The new bridge will be up by the end of the year.”
Four powerful strand-jacks positioned on the bridge by an enormous crane began unhooking and slowly lowering a 36-by-18 metre (118-by-59 foot) concrete slab weighing nearly 1,000 tonnes.
The jacks are the same as those used to right the Costa Concordia cruise liner off Tuscany in 2013 after it ran aground and capsized, leaving 32 dead.
The operation to slowly lower the vast slab to the ground, some 48 metres below, was to start after a diamond chain saw cut through the entire bridge in two places, possibly only on Saturday.
“We are moving around 1,000 tonnes of a structure that is being demolished, with many unknowns,” said technical director Vittorio Omini.
Once on the ground, the giant slab will be used as a counterweight for removing other pieces before the bridge’s towers are demolished with dynamite.
– Homage to the victims –
The operation will help the city move on from the August disaster which, beyond the human cost, also ripped out one of the city’s main transport arteries.
Italy’s most famous living architect Renzo Piano, a Genoa native who helped design the Pompidou Centre in Paris, has provided the design for the replacement bridge that “will last for 1,000 years”.
While the new structure has been designed to look different from the old one, opened in 1967, it will contain a homage to the victims of the accident.
It will feature 43 lamp poles in memory of those killed when part of it collapsed on August 14, sending dozens of vehicles and tonnes of concrete tumbling to the ground.
The new bridge commission, headed by Genoa Mayor Marco Bucci, noted the new design “rests on pillars, respecting the feeling of psychological aversion in the city (to) other types of bridge with suspended or cable-stayed parts”.
It will “have elements of a boat because that is something from Genoa,” Piano has said, describing a streamlined and luminous white structure.
The new bridge is estimated to cost 202 million euros ($229 million), making it one of the most expensive in Europe.
It is expected to be open to traffic by April 2020, junior transport minister Edoardo Rixi said on Thursday, with the demolition of the old structure due to take 190 days.
– Invisible decay –
The old cable-stayed bridge was made from reinforced concrete, with the steel cables linking the bridge’s towers also covered in concrete.
One theory investigators are looking into is that the steel within the concrete had decayed, although this would not have been visible.
There have also been allegations of poor maintenance, poor design and questionable building practices.
The eastern side of the bridge, where the structure gave way, still needs to be examined by experts and prosecutors.
Autostrade per l’Italia (Aspi) operated the failed bridge and several of its managers could face trial over the collapse.
Ahead of the anticipated court proceedings, Aspi is still negotiating compensation payments with bereaved relatives, reportedly for a total of 50 million euros.
For the first time in an Italian public works contract, the construction companies face stiff penalties of up to 202,000 euros a day for any delays.
Civil engineering expert Pierre Corfdir said planning the demolition of a bridge this size (over 1,180 metres) would normally take around three years.
“This is one of the most complex bridge demolitions” because of the built-up environment, said Corfdir, who works at France’s Cerema institute.
“There’s also time pressure: they have to rebuild a bridge that is of vital importance to the city’s economy.”
