In what may be its best and last chance to stimulate growth and ward off deflation across the eurozone, the European Central Bank on Monday will launch its long-awaited 1.1 trillion euro ($1.2 trillion) quantitative easing programme.
The kickoff was announced Thursday by ECB President Mario Draghi, who confirmed the eurozone central bank will begin its programme of buying around 60 billion euros of public and private bonds each month starting March 9 -- a policy it will apply until at least September 2016.
The move comes as traditional efforts to boost sluggish economic activity in the 19-nation eurozone have been exhausted through rate cuts that have brought borrowing costs to nearly zero.
The policy known as quantitative easing or QE is also being adopted as the eurozone faces growing threats of deflation, in which falling prices lead consumers to put off purchases in expectation they will drop further, sparking a damaging cycle of falling production, job creation and prices.
The strategy behind the ECB's QE programme is similar to that of earlier schemes introduced by the US Federal Reserve and the Bank of England to pump money into the economy with massive purchases of government bonds, aiming to foster easier credit and rising economic activity.
Under QE, a central bank creates money electronically and uses it to buy the debt that countries issue to pay their bills. That pushes down interest rates on bonds and other financial assets, making it cheaper for companies to borrow and invest, increasing spending and employment.
To bring that about, the ECB will snap up bonds issued by euro member states on secondary markets used by private banks, investment and pension funds, insurance companies and other major investors of sovereign debt.
However, the bond purchasing and risk exposure under the ECB's controversial plan has involved a large dose of political massaging.
In an attempt to address stiff opposition to QE from Germany and several other northern European nations, the bulk of the debt security purchases under the scheme will be made by national central banks.
And in another blow to the formerly-touted notion of debt mutualisation across the eurozone, national central banks will almost exclusively be buying bonds issued by their own governments -- placating Germany, Europe's paymaster, who then will be off the hook to bail out another country.
- Optimism vs doubts -
As the 18-month-long ECB programme is poised to begin, some observers warn that US and British successes with QE do not guarantee it will be a sure-fire remedy for Europe.
"(We) doubt very much that the new policy will prompt a meaningful economic recovery or counter the threat of deflation as the ECB hopes," said a recent weekly report by Capital Economics.
"There is still a large degree of slack in the labour market despite recent falls in the number of unemployed and the business surveys remain consistent with only weak growth, raising the chances of a sustained bout of deflation."
On the positive side, Neil MacKinnon of VTB Capital said that "the credit cycle is turning up, admittedly from a low base, and the QE programme might have some effect in promoting money supply growth."
He added however that "the ECB faces a number of economic challenges and monetary policy might only be able to fix some of them."
Draghi has dismissed those kinds of doubts, and noted in his announcement on Thursday that markets have already reacted with some optimism to the approach of QE in Europe.
"We have already seen a significant number of positive effects from these monetary policy decisions," he said.
Draghi has similarly waved off concerns that private banks facing increasingly stiff post-crisis capital requirements may not want to part with bonds the ECB will need in huge quantities come Monday.
In reply, Draghi noted that those same banks did not hesitate to sell bonds on their books when the Fed and BoE rolled out QE policies whose success the ECB and entire eurozone now desperately need to replicate.
In what may be its best and last chance to stimulate growth and ward off deflation across the eurozone, the European Central Bank on Monday will launch its long-awaited 1.1 trillion euro ($1.2 trillion) quantitative easing programme.
The kickoff was announced Thursday by ECB President Mario Draghi, who confirmed the eurozone central bank will begin its programme of buying around 60 billion euros of public and private bonds each month starting March 9 — a policy it will apply until at least September 2016.
The move comes as traditional efforts to boost sluggish economic activity in the 19-nation eurozone have been exhausted through rate cuts that have brought borrowing costs to nearly zero.
The policy known as quantitative easing or QE is also being adopted as the eurozone faces growing threats of deflation, in which falling prices lead consumers to put off purchases in expectation they will drop further, sparking a damaging cycle of falling production, job creation and prices.
The strategy behind the ECB’s QE programme is similar to that of earlier schemes introduced by the US Federal Reserve and the Bank of England to pump money into the economy with massive purchases of government bonds, aiming to foster easier credit and rising economic activity.
Under QE, a central bank creates money electronically and uses it to buy the debt that countries issue to pay their bills. That pushes down interest rates on bonds and other financial assets, making it cheaper for companies to borrow and invest, increasing spending and employment.
To bring that about, the ECB will snap up bonds issued by euro member states on secondary markets used by private banks, investment and pension funds, insurance companies and other major investors of sovereign debt.
However, the bond purchasing and risk exposure under the ECB’s controversial plan has involved a large dose of political massaging.
In an attempt to address stiff opposition to QE from Germany and several other northern European nations, the bulk of the debt security purchases under the scheme will be made by national central banks.
And in another blow to the formerly-touted notion of debt mutualisation across the eurozone, national central banks will almost exclusively be buying bonds issued by their own governments — placating Germany, Europe’s paymaster, who then will be off the hook to bail out another country.
– Optimism vs doubts –
As the 18-month-long ECB programme is poised to begin, some observers warn that US and British successes with QE do not guarantee it will be a sure-fire remedy for Europe.
“(We) doubt very much that the new policy will prompt a meaningful economic recovery or counter the threat of deflation as the ECB hopes,” said a recent weekly report by Capital Economics.
“There is still a large degree of slack in the labour market despite recent falls in the number of unemployed and the business surveys remain consistent with only weak growth, raising the chances of a sustained bout of deflation.”
On the positive side, Neil MacKinnon of VTB Capital said that “the credit cycle is turning up, admittedly from a low base, and the QE programme might have some effect in promoting money supply growth.”
He added however that “the ECB faces a number of economic challenges and monetary policy might only be able to fix some of them.”
Draghi has dismissed those kinds of doubts, and noted in his announcement on Thursday that markets have already reacted with some optimism to the approach of QE in Europe.
“We have already seen a significant number of positive effects from these monetary policy decisions,” he said.
Draghi has similarly waved off concerns that private banks facing increasingly stiff post-crisis capital requirements may not want to part with bonds the ECB will need in huge quantities come Monday.
In reply, Draghi noted that those same banks did not hesitate to sell bonds on their books when the Fed and BoE rolled out QE policies whose success the ECB and entire eurozone now desperately need to replicate.
